De acordo com a regra geral, quando o verbo em inglês está no past ou no past participle, a palavra ganha um “ed” no final da frase. Mas existem alguns verbos que não seguem esse padrão.
Quando os verbos seguem essa regra do acréscimo no final da palavra, eles são chamados de “verbos regulares”. Mas existem aqueles que, quando estão no passado, escrevem-se de uma maneira completamente diferente e não seguem nenhum tipo de regra gramatical. São esses os “verbos irregulares“.
Conheça os verbos irregulares do inglês
Exemplo do verbo regular:
Verb: to ask
-I asked you something.
(Eu te perguntei uma coisa.)
Veja também: Aprenda sobre o gerúndio (gerund) em inglês
Verb: to dance
-He danced with me at the party.
(Ele dançou comigo na festa)
Exemplo do verbo irregular:
Verb: to buy
-I bought a car yesterday.
(Eu comprei um carro ontem)
-I forgot my password.
(Eu esqueci minha senha)
Veja também: Passado perfeito em inglês
Agora confira a lista de alguns dos principais verbos irregulares.
Verbos irregulares
Infinitivo | Passado simples | Particípio passado | Significado |
to arise | arose | arisen | erguer, levantar |
to awake | awoke | awoken | acordar, despertar-se |
to be | was / were | been | ser, estar, ficar |
to bear | bore | borne | suportar, aguentar |
to beat | beat | beaten | bater; espancar; superar; vibrar; palpitar |
to become | became | become | tornar-se |
to begin | began | begun | começar, iniciar |
to bend | bent | bent | curvar; entortar; franzir; dirigir; desistir |
to bet | bet | bet | apostar |
to bid | bade | bidden | oferecer; convidar; ordenar; desejar; leiloar |
to bind | bound | bound | atar; amarrar; obrigar |
to bite | bit | bitten | morder; engolir a isca |
to bleed | bled | bled | sangrar, perder sangue; |
to blow | blew | blown | soprar, assobiar, fazer soar |
to break | broke | broken | quebrar; romper; violar; |
to breed | bred | bred | procriar; gerar; fazer criação; educar; ensinar |
to bring | brought | brought | trazer; servir; causar; executar; induzir |
to build | built | built | construir, edificar; fabricar |
to burn | burnt | burnt | queimar; incendiar; carbonizar |
to burst | burst | burst | arrebentar; explodir; brotar; exclamar |
to buy | bought | bougth | comprar |
to cast | cast | cast | arremessar, jogar; derrubar; moldar; |
to catch | caught | caught | pegar; capturar; entender; adquirir |
to choose | chose | chosen | escolher, selecionar, preferir |
to cling | clung | clung | pegar-se; unir-se; aderir |
to clothe | clad | clad | vestir, cobrir |
to come | came | come | vir; chegar; |
to cost | cost | cost | custar; importar em |
to creep | crept | crept | engatinhar; arrastar-se no chão; andar de rasto |
to crow | crew | crowed | cacarejar |
to cut | cut | cut | cortar; partir; reduzir; recortar; castrar |
to deal | dealt | dealt | dar; distribuir; repartir; dividir; espalhar; negociar |
to dig | dug | dug | cavar; escavar; |
to do | did | done | fazer; |
to draw | drew | drawn | desenhar; extrair, sair |
to drink | drank | drunk | beber |
to drive | drove | driven | dirigir, guiar |
to dwell | dwelt | dwelt | residir; ficar por um tempo; enfatizar, insistir em |
to eat | ate | eaten | comer |
to fall | fell | fallen | cair, desaguar, abater-se, decrescer, diminuir |
to feed | fed | fed | alimentar, nutrir |
to feel | felt | felt | sentir, notar |
to fight | fought | fought | lutar, brigar |
to find | found | found | achar, encontrar |
to flee | fled | fled | fugir, escapar; evitar; correr |
to fling | flung | flung | lançar; arremessar; |
to fly | flew | flown | voar |
to forbid | forbade | forbidden | proibir |
to forget | forgot | forgotten | esquecer(-se) |
to forgive | forgave | forgiven | perdoar |
to forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonar, desertar, largar; abrir mão de |
to freeze | froze | frozen | congelar, gelar |
to get | got | got | obter, conseguir |
to give | gave | given | dar |
to go | went | gone | ir |
to grind | ground | ground | moer |
to grow | grew | grown | crescer, florescer, germinar |
to hang | hung | hung | pendurar, suspender |
to have | had | had | ter, possuir |
to hear | heard | heard | ouvir, escutar, ter notícias |
to heave | hove | hove | puxar; |
to hew | hewed | hewn | reduzir; talhar |
to hide | hid | hidden | esconder(-se), ocultar |
to hit | hit | hit | bater, chocar-se |
to hold | held | held | segurar, agarrar |
to hurt | hurt | hurt | ferir(-se), machucar |
to keep | kept | kept | manter, conservar, preservar |
to kneel | knelt | knelt | ajoelhar-se |
to knit | knit | knit | tricotar; |
to know | knew | known | saber, conhecer |
to lay | laid | laid | pôr, colocar, derrubar, deitar |
to lead | led | led | conduzir, liderar, dirigir, comandar |
to leap | leapt | leapt | saltar, pular, transportar; cobrir (os animais) |
to learn | learnt | learnt | aprender, ficar sabendo |
to leave | left | left | partir, deixar, sair |
to lend | lent | lent | emprestar |
to let | let | let | permitir, deixar |
to lie | lay | lain | deitar, jazer |
to light | lit | lit | acender, iluminar |
to lose | lost | lost | perder |
to make | made | made | fazer, criar, elaborar |
to mean | meant | meant | significar, querer dizer |
to meet | met | met | encontrar(-se), reunir(-se) |
to misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | interpretar mal |
to partake | partook | partaken | participar |
to pay | paid | paid | pagar |
to put | put | put | pôr, colocar |
to quit | quit | quit | desistir, abandonar |
to read | read | read | ler, interpretar |
to ride | rode | ridden | cavalgar, andar de bibicleta, carro, etc. |
to ring | rang | rung | soar, tocar (campainha, telefone) |
to rise | rose | risen | erguer-se, levantar-se |
to run | ran | run | correr, apressar-se |
to saw | sawed | sawn | serrar |
to say | said | said | dizer, afirmar, declarar |
to see | saw | seen | ver, perceber |
to seek | sought | sought | procurar, pedir, almejar |
to sell | sold | sold | vender |
to send | sent | sent | enviar, mandar |
to set | set | set | pôr, dispor, ajustar |
to sew | sewed | sewn | costurar, coser |
to shake | shook | shaken | sacudir, agitar, apertar a mão (em cumprimento) |
to shed | shed | shed | derramar; vazar; |
to shine | shone | shone | brilhar |
to shoot | shot | shot | atirar, ferir com tiro |
to show | showed | shown | mostrar, apresentar |
to shred | shred | shred | cortar em pedaços; picar; retalhar; rasgar |
to shrink | shrank | shrunk | contrair, encolher; recuar |
to shut | shut | shut | fechar; cerrar; tampar |
to sing | sang | sung | cantar |
to sink | sank | sunk | afundar |
to sit | sat | sat | sentar(-se) |
to slay | slew | slain | matar, assassinar; destruir, arruinar |
to sleep | slept | slept | dormir |
to slide | slid | slid | escorregar, deslizar |
to sling | slung | slung | atirar, arremessar; |
to smell | smelt | smelt | cheirar |
to smite | smote | smitten | bater; espancar |
to sow | sowed | sown | semear |
to speak | spoke | spoken | falar |
to spell | spelt | spelt | soletrar; ser algo que significa |
to spend | spent | spent | gastar (dinheiro), passar (tempo) |
to spill | spilt | spilt | derramar |
to spin | spun | spun | girar |
to spit | spat | spit | cuspir; |
to spoil | spoilt | spoilt | estragar, destruir, |
to spread | spread | spread | espalhar, estender |
to spring | sprang | sprung | saltar, lançar-se; libertar-se; |
to stand | stood | stood | ficar ou pôr-se de pé |
to steal | stole | stolen | roubar, furtar |
to stick | stuck | stuck | cravar, fincar |
to sting | stung | stung | picar, ferroar, |
to stink | stank | stunk | feder; enojar |
to strew | strewed | strewn | espalhar, polvilhar, aspergir |
to stride | strode | stridden | caminhar; cavalgar |
to strike | struck | struck | bater, golpear |
to string | strung | strung | amarrar; pendurar; enfiar; esticar |
to strive | strove | striven | aspirar; tentar, esforçar-se |
to swear | swore | sworn | jurar |
to sweat | sweat | sweat | suar |
to sweep | swept | swept | varrer |
to swell | swelled | swollen | inchar (-se); crescer; encher (os pneus) |
to swim | swam | swum | nadar |
to swing | swung | swung | balançar |
to take | took | taken | tomar, pegar, levar |
to teach | taught | taught | ensinar |
to tear | tore | torn | chorar, lacrimejar; rasgar, rachar |
to tell | told | told | dizer, contar |
to think | thought | thought | pensar, achar |
to thrive | throve | thriven | ter sucesso |
to throw | threw | thrown | lançar, atirar |
to thrust | thrust | thrust | empurrar |
to tread | trod | trodden | pisar, andar, pôr os pés |
to understand | understood | understood | entender, compreender |
to uphold | upheld | upheld | sustentar, defender |
to wake | woke | woken | acordar |
to wear | wore | worn | vestir, usar, trajar |
to weave | wove | woven | tecer, trançar |
to weep | wept | wept | chorar |
to wet | wet | wet | molhar, umedecer |
to win | won | won | ganhar, vencer |
to wind | wound | wound | girar, enrolar-se; |
to wring | wrung | wrung | torcer |
to write | wrote | written | escrever |